<p begin="00:00:00.00" end="00:00:01.11" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:00:01.11" end="00:00:05.13" style="1">NARRATOR: The people of Easter Island only had stone tools.</p>
<p begin="00:00:05.13" end="00:00:09.35" style="1">A single statue could take two years to carve.</p>
<p begin="00:00:09.35" end="00:00:11.89" style="1">Professor Patricia Vargas Casanova</p>
<p begin="00:00:11.89" end="00:00:14.25" style="1">has been researching how it was done</p>
<p begin="00:00:14.25" end="00:00:16.89" style="1">at the island's main quarry, Rano Raraku.</p>
<p begin="00:00:16.89" end="00:00:18.35" style="1">PROFESSOR PATRICIA VARGAS CASANOVA:</p>
<p begin="00:00:18.35" end="00:00:23.84" style="1">[SIGH] We're in a quarry that clearly shows</p>
<p begin="00:00:23.84" end="00:00:27.18" style="1">the way in which a statue was carved.</p>
<p begin="00:00:27.18" end="00:00:31.14" style="1">We notice that one side, the right side of the statue,</p>
<p begin="00:00:31.14" end="00:00:32.27" style="1">is completely finished. </p>
<p begin="00:00:32.27" end="00:00:35.10" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:00:35.10" end="00:00:38.75" style="1">At the end of the head they carved a channel</p>
<p begin="00:00:38.75" end="00:00:42.25" style="1">in order to get to the other side.</p>
<p begin="00:00:42.25" end="00:00:44.85" style="1">And notice that these are not straight walls.</p>
<p begin="00:00:44.85" end="00:00:48.34" style="1">They just opened where it was necessary for the people</p>
<p begin="00:00:48.34" end="00:00:50.87" style="1">to move the stone picks. </p>
<p begin="00:00:50.87" end="00:00:53.87" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:00:53.87" end="00:00:56.64" style="1">NARRATOR: Once the top and sides were complete,</p>
<p begin="00:00:56.64" end="00:01:01.32" style="1">the carvers would gradually undercut the statue leaving</p>
<p begin="00:01:01.32" end="00:01:05.60" style="1">just a narrow spine attached to the mother rock.</p>
<p begin="00:01:05.60" end="00:01:09.29" style="1">Then this was carefully chipped away</p>
<p begin="00:01:09.29" end="00:01:12.46" style="1">until it was free and resting on stone supports.</p>
<p begin="00:01:12.46" end="00:01:13.76" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:01:13.76" end="00:01:15.88" style="1">PROFESSOR PATRICIA VARGAS CASANOVA: At that moment,</p>
<p begin="00:01:15.88" end="00:01:18.97" style="1">they will start moving the statue down the slope</p>
<p begin="00:01:18.97" end="00:01:20.20" style="1">in order to finish the back. </p>
<p begin="00:01:20.20" end="00:01:24.52" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:01:24.52" end="00:01:26.44" style="1">NARRATOR: This is where 1,000 of these figures</p>
<p begin="00:01:26.44" end="00:01:30.50" style="1">were carved over maybe five centuries.</p>
<p begin="00:01:30.50" end="00:01:35.10" style="1">For reasons still unclear, these were never delivered.</p>
<p begin="00:01:35.10" end="00:01:37.96" style="1">But how were any of these monsters moved?</p>
<p begin="00:01:37.96" end="00:01:39.42" style="1">PROFESSOR PATRICIA VARGAS CASANOVA:</p>
<p begin="00:01:39.42" end="00:01:43.07" style="1">What is really incredible is to think that statues were moved</p>
<p begin="00:01:43.07" end="00:01:44.82" style="1">kilometers out of the quarry. </p>
<p begin="00:01:44.82" end="00:01:48.12" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:01:48.12" end="00:01:51.69" style="1">NARRATOR: 60 years ago, Norwegian explorer Thor</p>
<p begin="00:01:51.69" end="00:01:54.30" style="1">Heyerdahl conducted a series of experiments</p>
<p begin="00:01:54.30" end="00:01:58.27" style="1">at the quarry trying to discover how the moai were made</p>
<p begin="00:01:58.27" end="00:01:59.05" style="1">and then moved. </p>
<p begin="00:01:59.05" end="00:02:03.87" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:02:03.87" end="00:02:06.80" style="1">He recruited 180 islanders to shift</p>
<p begin="00:02:06.80" end="00:02:08.75" style="1">a statue weighing 10 tons. </p>
<p begin="00:02:08.75" end="00:02:11.25" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:02:11.25" end="00:02:15.57" style="1">This is how it may have looked 500 years ago-- the statue</p>
<p begin="00:02:15.57" end="00:02:22.25" style="1">dragged along by brute force with ropes made of tree bark.</p>
<p begin="00:02:22.25" end="00:02:25.45" style="1">But the terrain is so rough, many statues</p>
<p begin="00:02:25.45" end="00:02:27.31" style="1">never made it to their destination.</p>
<p begin="00:02:27.31" end="00:02:28.77" style="1">PROFESSOR PATRICIA VARGAS CASANOVA:</p>
<p begin="00:02:28.77" end="00:02:30.74" style="1">This statue was on its way out of the quarry,</p>
<p begin="00:02:30.74" end="00:02:34.19" style="1">and you see how badly broken it is.</p>
<p begin="00:02:34.19" end="00:02:37.68" style="1">Probably a couple of years of work completely ruined</p>
<p begin="00:02:37.68" end="00:02:38.24" style="1">and gone. </p>
<p begin="00:02:38.24" end="00:02:40.71" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:02:40.71" end="00:02:42.17" style="1">NARRATOR: The discarded statues are</p>
<p begin="00:02:42.17" end="00:02:46.33" style="1">providing valuable information for Professor Claudio Cristino.</p>
<p begin="00:02:46.33" end="00:02:48.69" style="1">He's mapping every archaeological site</p>
<p begin="00:02:48.69" end="00:02:50.31" style="1">on the island. </p>
<p begin="00:02:50.31" end="00:02:53.61" style="1">CLAUDIO CRISTINO: Here we have Rano Raraku, the crater where</p>
<p begin="00:02:53.61" end="00:02:57.67" style="1">all these statues were carved that we carefully mapped.</p>
<p begin="00:02:57.67" end="00:03:03.70" style="1">So here, we recorded 397 statues, which are still there.</p>
<p begin="00:03:03.70" end="00:03:06.06" style="1">There were 1,000 statues roughly,</p>
<p begin="00:03:06.06" end="00:03:08.63" style="1">of which about one third made it, finally,</p>
<p begin="00:03:08.63" end="00:03:12.55" style="1">to the [? artist ?] along the coast, on the whole island.</p>
<p begin="00:03:12.55" end="00:03:18.41" style="1">A high number of statues were abandoned for unknown reasons.</p>
<p begin="00:03:18.41" end="00:03:21.50" style="1">So we can pinpoint all these statues</p>
<p begin="00:03:21.50" end="00:03:26.14" style="1">that actually are markers of the ancient roads where</p>
<p begin="00:03:26.14" end="00:03:29.04" style="1">they were transported. </p>
<p begin="00:03:29.04" end="00:03:31.83" style="1">NARRATOR: These roadways led to ceremonial platforms</p>
<p begin="00:03:31.83" end="00:03:35.52" style="1">where the statues were erected. </p>
<p begin="00:03:35.52" end="00:03:38.80" style="1">The Norwegian archaeologist recreated the most likely</p>
<p begin="00:03:38.80" end="00:03:43.85" style="1">technique by building a stone ramp, then using levers.</p>
<p begin="00:03:43.85" end="00:03:48.62" style="1">Given the weights involved, sometimes as much as 50 tons,</p>
<p begin="00:03:48.62" end="00:03:50.65" style="1">any method would've been fraught with danger.</p>
<p begin="00:03:50.65" end="00:03:53.84" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:03:53.84" end="00:03:56.99" style="1">But once the statue was erected, islanders</p>
<p begin="00:03:56.99" end="00:03:59.77" style="1">believed a miracle took place. </p>
<p begin="00:03:59.77" end="00:04:03.73" style="1">The statue would come to life when the final piece was added.</p>
<p begin="00:04:03.73" end="00:04:06.43" style="1"> </p>
<p begin="00:04:06.43" end="00:04:09.78" style="1">[MUSIC PLAYING] </p>
<p begin="00:04:09.78" end="00:04:11.60" style="1"> </p>