WEBVTT

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Vaccines are often called The Miracle of modern medicine

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for their ability to Target the immune system against disease-causing,

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viruses and bacteria.

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Since they work against infectious diseases, why not against

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other conditions that have long plagued Humanity like cancer.

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To say we're working to develop a vaccine to prevent Cancers

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and individuals for the rest of your life.

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It sounds like Star Wars but it's not a concept that's totally

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unchartered me vaccines against human papillomavirus

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which is causative agent in certain types of human cancers.

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Work to prevent cancer in those individuals who get vaccinated

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and so are we?

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We no longer is nikoli more about the immune system in the last

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20 years in the face of cancer.

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Studies and cancer.

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And now it's covid that we can bring this knowledge to this

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big goal of using a new system to prevent all types of cancers

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and and do so with humility and optimize the immune response

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against cancer by training cells to recognize tumors as foreign.

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Once that happens in breast cancer, it may be possible to not

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only prevent Prince's in people who have already had cancer,

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but to even prevent it in the first place,

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I was diagnosed in 1987

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and I wasn't treated much differently from what the treatments

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or today.

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Oh, wow. Yes, there's a lot of focus on immunotherapy

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and that's exciting.

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It's exciting from a research perspective but it hasn't really

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made a difference in women's lives.

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Yet, we believe that a vaccine approach is certainly the key

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and primary prevention or preventing people from getting

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breast cancer to begin with because we believe that that is the

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future, that that is one of the areas that we should be focusing

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on now. We believe not only will it save lives,

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but it will also be less toxic than existing Therapies.

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You know, technologies that have have been developed over the

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past five to ten years.

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Are number one, immune checkpoint Inhibitors.

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So, immune checkpoint Inhibitors is a form of therapy that has

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been you know now approved by the Food and Drug Administration

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for use in targeting a number of different cancers were,

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we had has been effective lasso in in certain tumors.

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And so, the reason that vaccines don't work against metastatic

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deposits of tumor is because the tumors themselves.

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Throw up a number of Walls that ultimately prevents the immune

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response from acting and killing the tumor.

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So the whole idea just like an infectious disease,

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vaccine used to identify what's foreign in the tumor as much

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as possible and to really craft

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A vaccine that targets what's foreign because that's really

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word. You know we're going to see the power of the immune response

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and in shrinking or preventing a cancer is having

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multiple targets within the tumor.

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But also having them be very foreign at the Mayo.

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Clinic Newton has developed a vaccine targeting,

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a very early form of breast cancer called ductal carcinoma

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inside you or DC, is he is working with his colleague dr.

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Amy degnan to test that vaccine experts,

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have debated in recent years, whether dcis is actually cancer

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since it involves lesions that remain in the ducts of the breast

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tissue and don't spread throughout the breast as other forms

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of breast cancer.

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Do about 50 1,000 women.

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A year are diagnosed with DC is in the US and some of those

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cases will become cancerous.

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Although doctors, can't predict which one

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As a result many women with the condition up to have radiation

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and surgery to remove the lesions to avoid the risk of developing

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cancer.

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if the immune system could be trained to attack tcis instead

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that would potentially help women to avoid the more invasive

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treatments, which some experts believe might be over treating

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their condition

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We are interested in pushing forward, you know,

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toward a goal of vaccines for breast cancer prevention.

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And so one strategy to do that is to then evaluate a vaccine

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that we found was safe and women who had invasive cancer and

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apply it to women who don't have invasive cancer yet who have

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this dcis and evaluate what kind of immune response we see in

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those women. And one of the things that were specifically

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interested in this study to see is what kind of response

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do we see in the breast tissue after this vaccine is given,

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can we find evidence that the immune system is reacting

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to the vaccine and potentially, you know,

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trying to clear out these cancer cells in the breast tissue.

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So, in this trial, we give the vaccine for several doses of the vaccine

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before surgery, and women who have dcis.

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And then at the time of We're removing their dcis as we would

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not normally to treat it, but we're also able to then investigate

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the breast tissue and the area of DCs and and see what is happening

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with the immune response there after the vaccine,

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the team at the Abramson Cancer Center,

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at Penn Medicine, is studying a different approach to a breast

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cancer vaccine. They are currently a rolling about 16th bull

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who have been diagnosed with cancer and who have the genetic

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mutations, bcra one or bcra to which put them at higher risk

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of developing breast cancer to see if vaccinating them will

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lower their chance of recurrence.

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The researchers also had to study a couple dozen people with

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the genetic risk, but who has not yet been diagnosed with cancer

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to see if the vaccine could lower their risk of ever developing

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the disease. It's a, it's a game changer and we recognize

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that we have a ways to go.

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But right now, if you're a 25 year old woman who has undergone

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genetic testing and is told that you have a safe for me to yishun,

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you're talkin about raining for the rest of your life for your

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breasts or deciding to do a bilateral,

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mastectomy have your breasts removed and at this point we had

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no effective screening for ovarian cancer.

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And so we strongly recommend that individuals have their ovaries

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removed between ages, 35 and 44 a beer,

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signaling carrier, putting them into early menopause.

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And with all the attendant Dallas ring consequence that we really

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have not had great options apart from surgical options.

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And, you know, we're working on many different types of strategies

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to try alternative National the natural history.

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But this concept of immune interception being able to use the

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immune system to change the natural history for these individual

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is so critical.

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We are probably at the end of the era of using cancer,

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vaccines with great hope in a patient,

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whose party been treated with everything in the tumor is still

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Advanced to using these vaccines and all our new knowledge

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in patients, who are at risk for relapse or individuals

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who are simply a high risk for cancer and we want to prevent

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so prevention. And survivorship is what cancers going to be about

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him. 10 years, I think vaccines will play a part in ensuring