WEBVTT 00:00:02.400 --> 00:00:03.500 For 600 years. 00:00:03.500 --> 00:00:06.200 This machine has been heating and shaping traditional 00:00:06.200 --> 00:00:07.400 fez hats in Cairo. 00:00:08.500 --> 00:00:11.600 The business is like this nearly disappeared when the Egyptian 00:00:11.600 --> 00:00:15.700 government bans, this kind of headwear in the 1950s part of a sweeping 00:00:15.700 --> 00:00:16.700 push for modernization. 00:00:18.100 --> 00:00:19.200 Today. No, sir. 00:00:19.200 --> 00:00:22.600 Abdullah. The set is one of the only Fez makers left in Cairo. 00:00:23.900 --> 00:00:27.600 We visited his shop to see how his 130 year old business, 00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:28.700 is still standing. 00:00:34.300 --> 00:00:37.800 For over four decades has been crafting what was once a symbol 00:00:37.800 --> 00:00:38.600 of Ottoman life. 00:00:39.600 --> 00:00:41.400 That lower at the revolution. 00:00:49.600 --> 00:00:51.400 Every single one is custom made. 00:00:53.100 --> 00:00:55.500 The first step is to build the structure of the Hat. 00:00:56.600 --> 00:00:59.300 Nasa uses woven straw to craft the base. 00:01:00.700 --> 00:01:01.300 Let It Go. 00:01:09.500 --> 00:01:11.400 He sprayed it with water to make it warmer. 00:01:21.200 --> 00:01:23.000 In the election is over. 00:01:33.000 --> 00:01:34.300 To get the right shape. 00:01:36.100 --> 00:01:38.400 They're more than six centuries old. 00:01:40.200 --> 00:01:40.800 Jaqen, h'ghar. 00:01:44.600 --> 00:01:47.900 I don't have money to eat. 00:01:52.300 --> 00:01:55.000 NASA says, they once tried to make new machines, 00:01:55.000 --> 00:01:57.600 but couldn't find any factories that still manufacture 00:01:57.600 --> 00:01:58.500 the right parts. 00:02:00.600 --> 00:02:03.300 The inside is lined with green or blue silk. 00:02:08.900 --> 00:02:11.800 Then it's time to shape the signature red felt. 00:02:12.900 --> 00:02:13.600 Winner. 00:02:26.300 --> 00:02:27.300 Yeah,, the shuffle. 00:02:40.600 --> 00:02:42.400 1 800 car. 00:02:44.500 --> 00:02:46.500 There are several types of feathers. 00:02:46.500 --> 00:02:49.600 The difference in design, depends on who's wearing it. 00:02:49.600 --> 00:02:54.700 And each one has its own mold some named after ottoman rulers. 00:02:56.900 --> 00:02:59.700 It's smooth and White Oaks Mall. 00:03:00.700 --> 00:03:02.300 Yeah, I did. 00:03:02.300 --> 00:03:04.200 Muhammad Ali die. 00:03:08.700 --> 00:03:11.700 Right now? No, sir is making an has her Fez. 00:03:11.700 --> 00:03:15.700 It's been worn by Islamic scholars and your mom's for centuries. 00:03:16.600 --> 00:03:18.600 Alaska, Taylor is adjective. 00:03:30.700 --> 00:03:35.400 The machine reaches up to 350 degrees Fahrenheit, 00:03:35.400 --> 00:03:39.500 figuring out just the right temperature for each hat is a delicate 00:03:39.500 --> 00:03:39.700 dance. 00:03:50.500 --> 00:03:51.100 No,. 00:04:04.500 --> 00:04:06.600 Nasser glues the felt and straw together. 00:04:07.700 --> 00:04:10.500 And then he said, Muhammad handles the finishing touches. 00:04:11.900 --> 00:04:14.900 Colored tassel used to signify different professions. 00:04:14.900 --> 00:04:20.100 This white fabric is unique to the us harf as today. 00:04:20.100 --> 00:04:23.000 It's a more traditional look reserved for religious leaders. 00:04:24.000 --> 00:04:26.400 But the first was once much more widespread. 00:04:28.100 --> 00:04:31.800 It was a defining symbol of the entire Ottoman Empire that Rose 00:04:31.800 --> 00:04:35.500 to power in the fourteenth century and controlled large swaths of 00:04:35.500 --> 00:04:38.200 Europe, Africa and the Middle East at its peak. 00:04:39.600 --> 00:04:40.800 In the early 19th century. 00:04:40.800 --> 00:04:45.600 Sultan Mahmud II wanted to modernize Society by phasing out the 00:04:45.600 --> 00:04:49.000 turbine and requiring all ottoman men to wear The Fez, 00:04:49.000 --> 00:04:49.600 instead. 00:04:50.500 --> 00:04:53.400 Some people who preferred sticking to tradition began wrapping 00:04:53.400 --> 00:04:56.000 a turban around of feds similar to the other cars, 00:04:56.000 --> 00:04:58.900 dial, Nasser makes today, but by the time, 00:04:58.900 --> 00:05:03.200 the Ottoman Empire fell in 1920 to the Pheasant considered 00:05:03.200 --> 00:05:03.900 old-fashioned. 00:05:05.000 --> 00:05:07.800 Turkey's first president, wanted to westernize his people 00:05:07.800 --> 00:05:10.800 by replacing the traditional ottoman headpiece with the European 00:05:10.800 --> 00:05:15.700 top hat, and buy 1925, wearing a fez in Turkey was punishable 00:05:15.700 --> 00:05:20.600 by a month in prison, but most Egyptian still Embrace bed Styles, 00:05:20.600 --> 00:05:24.700 well into the 1950s until Egyptian, president Gamal. 00:05:24.700 --> 00:05:27.500 Abdel Nasser seen here, wearing a military Fez, 00:05:27.500 --> 00:05:29.800 banned them in 1958. 00:05:29.800 --> 00:05:31.300 After leading the revolution. 00:05:37.700 --> 00:05:39.000 Best MyDish. 00:05:41.600 --> 00:05:42.400 You going to be there? 00:05:44.300 --> 00:05:46.300 Ana de armas. 00:05:47.500 --> 00:05:51.000 Nasir mostly sells do, Islamic Studies, professors religious 00:05:51.000 --> 00:05:52.300 leaders and movie producers? 00:05:54.100 --> 00:05:56.500 Today, it's just Nasser and his son running the shop. 00:05:56.500 --> 00:05:59.100 They can make up to $100 a day. 00:05:59.100 --> 00:06:02.200 But usually orders are well under that. 00:06:03.600 --> 00:06:06.500 But he remembers hearing stories about a time when business 00:06:06.500 --> 00:06:07.000 was booming. 00:06:31.300 --> 00:06:33.700 Still. Yes, there is preserving a craft that. 00:06:33.700 --> 00:06:35.100 Not many wanted to continue. 00:06:36.300 --> 00:06:38.500 Banana, manna. 00:06:45.900 --> 00:06:49.100 And customers can rest assured that his son plans to carry 00:06:49.100 --> 00:06:49.700 on his legacy. 00:06:57.400 --> 00:07:01.400 That's what is why I don't have to see what I mean by that 00:07:01.400 --> 00:07:02.200 was yesterday.